💬Natural-Language-Processing

Log Linear Models can be considered the most basic model used in natural languages. The main idea is to try to model the correlations of our data, or how the posterior $p(y \mid x)$ varies, where $x$ is our single data point features and $y$ are the labels of interest. This is a form of generalization because contextualized events (x, y) with similar descriptions tend to have similar probabilities. These kinds of models are so common that it has been discovered in many fields (and thus assuming different names): some of the most famous are Gibbs distributions, undirected graphical models, Markov Random Fields or Conditional Random Fields, exponential models, and (regularized) maximum entropy models. Special cases include logistic regression and Boltzmann machines. ...

What is a part of Speech? A part of speech (POS) is a category of words that display similar syntactic behavior, i.e., they play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences. It has been known since the Latin era that some categories of words behave similarly (verbs for declination for example). The intuitive take is that knowing a specific part of speech can help understand the meaning of the sentence. ...

Language Constituents A constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure This is because there is a lot of evidence pointing towards an hierarchical organization of human language. Example of constituents Let’s have some examples: John speaks [Spanish] fluently John speaks [Spanish and French] fluently Mary programs the homework [in the ETH computer laboratory] Mary programs the homework [in the laboratory] ...

Semirings allow us to generalize many many common operations. One of the most powerful usages is the algebraic view of dynamic programming. Definition of a semiring A semiring is a 5-tuple $R = (A, \oplus, \otimes, \bar{0}, \bar{1})$ such that. $(A, \oplus, \bar{0})$ is a commutative monoid $(A, \otimes, \bar{1})$ is a monoid $\otimes$ distributes over $\oplus$. $\bar{0}$ is annihilator for $\otimes$. Monoid Let $K, \oplus$ be a set and a operation, then: ...

Sentiment analysis is one of the oldest tasks in natural language processing. In this note we will introduce some examples and terminology, some key problems in the field and a simple model that we can understand by just knowing Backpropagation Log Linear Models and the Softmax Function. We say: Polarity: the orientation of the sentiment. Subjectivity: if it expresses personal feelings. See demo Some applications: Businesses use sentiment analysis to understand if users are happy or not with their product. It’s linked to revenue: if the reviews are good, usually you make more money. But companies can’t read every review, so they want automatic methods. ...